在 Struts2 中，沒有官方的插件集成Hibernate框架。但是，可以通過以下步驟解決方法：
- 註冊一個自定義的 ServletContextListener
- 在 ServletContextListener 類, 初始化Hibernate會話，並將其存儲到servlet上下文。
- 在動作類, 可以通過servlet上下文的Hibernate會話，並執行任務正常的Hibernate操作。
請參閱它們的關係：
Struts 2 <-- (Servlet Context) ---> Hibernate <-----> Database
在本教學中，在Struts中2開發我們顯示了一個簡單的客戶模組(添加和列表功能)，並使用 Hibernate 進行資料庫操作。使用上述部分機制集成(存儲和檢索在servlet上下文Hibernate的Session)。
1. 工程目錄結構
來看看這個完整的專案檔夾結構。
2. MySQL表結構腳本
創建一個客戶(customer)表。下麵是SQL表腳本。
CREATE TABLE `customer` ( `customer_id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `name` varchar(45) NOT NULL, `address` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `create_date` datetime NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`customer_id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
4. Hibernate 相關配置
Hibernate的模型和配置的東西。
Customer.java – 創建客戶表對應的一個類。
package com.zaixian.customer.model;
import java.util.Date;
public class Customer implements java.io.Serializable {
private Long customerId;
private String name;
private String address;
private Date createdDate;
//getter and setter methods
}
Customer.hbm.xml – Hibernate映射檔客戶表。
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.zaixian.customer.model.Customer"
table="customer" catalog="zaixian">
<id name="customerId" type="java.lang.Long">
<column name="CUSTOMER_ID" />
<generator class="identity" />
</id>
<property name="name" type="string">
<column name="NAME" length="45" not-null="true" />
</property>
<property name="address" type="string">
<column name="ADDRESS" not-null="true" />
</property>
<property name="createdDate" type="timestamp">
<column name="CREATED_DATE" length="19" not-null="true" />
</property>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
hibernate.cfg.xml – Hibernate資料庫配置檔
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<property name="hibernate.bytecode.use_reflection_optimizer">false</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.password">password</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/zaixian</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.username">root</property>
<property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
<property name="show_sql">true</property>
<property name="format_sql">true</property>
<property name="use_sql_comments">false</property>
<mapping resource="com/zaixian/customer/hibernate/Customer.hbm.xml" />
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>
5. Hibernate ServletContextListener
創建一個類 ServletContextListener, 並初始化Hibernate會話，並將其存儲到servlet上下文。
HibernateListener .java
package com.zaixian.listener;
import java.net.URL;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
public class HibernateListener implements ServletContextListener{
private Configuration config;
private SessionFactory factory;
private String path = "/hibernate.cfg.xml";
private static Class clazz = HibernateListener.class;
public static final String KEY_NAME = clazz.getName();
public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent event) {
//
}
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {
try {
URL url = HibernateListener.class.getResource(path);
config = new Configuration().configure(url);
factory = config.buildSessionFactory();
//save the Hibernate session factory into serlvet context
event.getServletContext().setAttribute(KEY_NAME, factory);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
}
}
在 web.xml 檔中註冊監聽器。
web.xml
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app>
<display-name>Struts 2 Web Application</display-name>
<filter>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<filter-class>
org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter
</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<listener>
<listener-class>
com.zaixian.listener.HibernateListener
</listener-class>
</listener>
</web-app>
6. Action
在動作類, 可以通過servlet上下文的Hibernate會話和執行正常的Hibernate任務。
CustomerAction.java
package com.zaixian.customer.action;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import com.zaixian.customer.model.Customer;
import com.zaixian.listener.HibernateListener;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ModelDriven;
public class CustomerAction extends ActionSupport
implements ModelDriven{
Customer customer = new Customer();
List<Customer> customerList = new ArrayList<Customer>();
public String execute() throws Exception {
return SUCCESS;
}
public Object getModel() {
return customer;
}
public List<Customer> getCustomerList() {
return customerList;
}
public void setCustomerList(List<Customer> customerList) {
this.customerList = customerList;
}
//save customer
public String addCustomer() throws Exception{
//get hibernate session from the servlet context
SessionFactory sessionFactory =
(SessionFactory) ServletActionContext.getServletContext()
.getAttribute(HibernateListener.KEY_NAME);
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
//save it
customer.setCreatedDate(new Date());
session.beginTransaction();
session.save(customer);
session.getTransaction().commit();
//reload the customer list
customerList = null;
customerList = session.createQuery("from Customer").list();
return SUCCESS;
}
//list all customers
public String listCustomer() throws Exception{
//get hibernate session from the servlet context
SessionFactory sessionFactory =
(SessionFactory) ServletActionContext.getServletContext()
.getAttribute(HibernateListener.KEY_NAME);
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
customerList = session.createQuery("from Customer").list();
return SUCCESS;
}
}
7. JSP 頁面
JSP頁面用來添加和列出的客戶。
customer.jsp
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %> <html> <head> </head> <body> <h1>Struts 2 + Hibernate integration example</h1> <h2>Add Customer</h2> <s:form action="addCustomerAction" > <s:textfield name="name" label="Name" value="" /> <s:textarea name="address" label="Address" value="" cols="50" rows="5" /> <s:submit /> </s:form> <h2>All Customers</h2> <s:if test="customerList.size() > 0"> <table border="1px" cellpadding="8px"> <tr> <th>Customer Id</th> <th>Name</th> <th>Address</th> <th>Created Date</th> </tr> <s:iterator value="customerList" status="userStatus"> <tr> <td><s:property value="customerId" /></td> <td><s:property value="name" /></td> <td><s:property value="address" /></td> <td><s:date name="createdDate" format="dd/MM/yyyy" /></td> </tr> </s:iterator> </table> </s:if> <br/> <br/> </body> </html>
8. struts.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
<struts>
<constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />
<package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
<action name="addCustomerAction"
class="com.zaixian.customer.action.CustomerAction" method="addCustomer" >
<result name="success">pages/customer.jsp</result>
</action>
<action name="listCustomerAction"
class="com.zaixian.customer.action.CustomerAction" method="listCustomer" >
<result name="success">pages/customer.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
9. 實例測試執行
訪問客戶模組：http://localhost:8080/struts2hibernate/listCustomerAction.action
在名稱和地址字段填寫，點擊提交按鈕，插入的客戶的詳細資訊會馬上列出結果。
