属性
属性代表业务数据。它们可以像数组元素或对象的属性那样来访问。一个模型的每个属性都是公开访问的属性。要指定模型拥有什么属性,应该重写yii\base\Model::attributes() 方法。
<?php
   namespace app\models;
   use Yii;
   use yii\base\Model;
   /**
   * ContactForm is the model behind the contact form.
   */
   class ContactForm extends Model {
      public $name;
      public $email;
      public $subject;
      public $body;
      public $verifyCode;
      /**
      * @return array the validation rules.
      */
      public function rules() {
         return [
            // name, email, subject and body are required
            [['name', 'email', 'subject', 'body'], 'required'],
            // email has to be a valid email address
            ['email', 'email'],
            // verifyCode needs to be entered correctly
            ['verifyCode', 'captcha'],
         ];
      }
      /**
      * @return array customized attribute labels
      */
      public function attributeLabels() {
         return [
            'verifyCode' => 'Verification Code',
         ];
      }
      /**
      * Sends an email to the specified email address using the information 
         collected by this model.
      * @param  string  $email the target email address
      * @return boolean whether the model passes validation
      */
      public function contact($email) {
         if ($this->validate()) {
            Yii::$app->mailer->compose()
               ->setTo($email)
               ->setFrom([$this->email => $this->name])
               ->setSubject($this->subject)
               ->setTextBody($this->body)
               ->send();
            return true;
         }
         return false;
      }
   }
?>
	public function actionShowContactModel() { 
   $mContactForm = new \app\models\ContactForm(); 
   $mContactForm->name = "contactForm"; 
   $mContactForm->email = "user@gmail.com"; 
   $mContactForm->subject = "标题"; 
   $mContactForm->body = "内容主体"; 
   var_dump($mContactForm); 
}
	如模型是从 yii\base\Model 扩展,那么它的所有成员变量应该为公共且是非静态的属性。在 ContactForm 模型五个属性 - name, email, subject, body, verifyCode,也可以再添加一些新的。
属性标签
在应用中我们经常需要使用属性相关联来显示标签。默认情况下,属性标签由 yii\base\Model::generateAttributeLabel() 方法自动生成。要手动声明属性标签,可以覆盖yii\base\Model::attributeLabels() 方法。
public function attributeLabels() {
   return [
      'name' => '名字',
      'email' => '邮箱地址',
      'subject' => '标题',
      'body' => '内容',
      'verifyCode' => '验证码',
   ];
}
	
	模型使用在不同的场景
可以使用模型在不同的场景。 例如,当一个访问用户要发送一份联系表单,我们需要所有的模型属性。 当用户已经登录,我们并不需要他的名字,因为我们可以很容易地从数据库把它读取出来。
要声明场景,应该覆盖 scenarios() 函数。它返回一个数组,其键是场景名称而其值是 Active 属性。Active属性是用来来验证的。它们也可以被大量分配。
<?php
   namespace app\models;
   use Yii;
   use yii\base\Model;
   /**
   * ContactForm is the model behind the contact form.
   */
   class ContactForm extends Model {
      public $name;
      public $email;
      public $subject;
      public $body;
      public $verifyCode;
      const SCENARIO_EMAIL_FROM_GUEST = 'EMAIL_FROM_GUEST';
      const SCENARIO_EMAIL_FROM_USER = 'EMAIL_FROM_USER';
      public function scenarios() {
         return [
            self::SCENARIO_EMAIL_FROM_GUEST => ['name', 'email', 'subject', 
               'body', 'verifyCode'],
            self::SCENARIO_EMAIL_FROM_USER => ['email' ,'subject', 'body', 
               'verifyCode'],
         ];
      }
      /**
      * @return array the validation rules.
      */
      public function rules() {
         return [
            // name, email, subject and body are required
            [['name', 'email', 'subject', 'body'], 'required'],
            // email has to be a valid email address
            ['email', 'email'],
            // verifyCode needs to be entered correctly
            ['verifyCode', 'captcha'],
         ];
      }
      /**
      * @return array customized attribute labels
      */
      public function attributeLabels() {
         return [
            'name' => '名字',
            'email' => '电子邮箱',
            'subject' => '标题',
            'body' => '内容',
            'verifyCode' => '验证码',
         ];
      }
      /**
      * Sends an email to the specified email address using the information 
         collected by this model.
      * @param  string  $email the target email address
      * @return boolean whether the model passes validation
      */
      public function contact($email) {
         if ($this -> validate()) {
            Yii::$app->mailer->compose()
               ->setTo($email)
               ->setFrom([$this->email => $this->name]) 
               ->setSubject($this->subject) 
               ->setTextBody($this->body)
               ->send();
            return true;
         }
         return false;
      }
   }
?> 
	我们增加了两个场景。一个用于访问游客用户,另一个用于身份验证的用户。当用户通过验证后,再不需要他填入名字。
public function actionContact() {
   $model = new ContactForm();
   $model->scenario = ContactForm::SCENARIO_EMAIL_FROM_GUEST;
   if ($model->load(Yii::$app->request->post()) && $model->
      contact(Yii::$app->params ['adminEmail'])) {
         Yii::$app->session->setFlash('contactFormSubmitted');  
         return $this->refresh();
   }
   return $this->render('contact', [
      'model' => $model,
   ]);
} 
	
		第3步 - 在浏览器访问URL => http://localhost:8080/index.php?r=site/contact 。你应该已经注意到,当前所有模型的属性都是必须的。
 
 
	
$model->scenario = ContactForm::SCENARIO_EMAIL_FROM_USER;

大量的分配
$mContactForm = new \app\models\ContactForm; 
$mContactForm->attributes = \Yii::$app->request->post('ContactForm');
	$mContactForm = new \app\models\ContactForm; 
$postData = \Yii::$app->request->post('ContactForm', []); 
$mContactForm->name = isset($postData['name']) ? $postData['name'] : null; 
$mContactForm->email = isset($postData['email']) ? $postData['email'] : null; 
$mContactForm->subject = isset($postData['subject']) ? $postData['subject'] : null; 
$mContactForm->body = isset($postData['body']) ? $postData['body'] : null; 
	前者干净多了。注意,大量分配仅适用于安全属性。它们只是在 scenario() 函数中列出当前场景属性。
数据导出
模型往往需要以不同的格式导出。要转模型转换为数组,则修改 SiteController 的 actionShowContactModel() 函数-
public function actionShowContactModel() {
   $mContactForm = new \app\models\ContactForm();
   $mContactForm->name = "用户名称";
   $mContactForm->email = "user@gmail.com";
   $mContactForm->subject = "标题";
   $mContactForm->body = "内容";
   var_dump($mContactForm->attributes);
} 
	
	public function actionShowContactModel() {
   $mContactForm = new \app\models\ContactForm();
   $mContactForm->name = "username";
   $mContactForm->email = "user@gmail.com";
   $mContactForm->subject = "subject";
   $mContactForm->body = "body-content";
   return \yii\helpers\Json::encode($mContactForm);
}
	
要点
- 包含业务逻辑
- 包含验证规则
- 包含属性
- 不嵌入HTML
- 不能直接访问请求
- 
			不要有太多的场景




