gzip命令示例

減少檔佔用空間大小有兩個明顯的好處，一是可以減少存儲空間，二是通過網路傳輸檔時，可以減少傳輸的時間。gzip是在Linux系統中經常使用的一個對檔進行壓縮和解壓縮的命令，既方便又好用。gzip不僅可以用來壓縮大的、較少使用的檔以節省磁片空間，還可以和tar命令一起構成Linux操作系統中比較流行的壓縮檔格式。據統計，gzip命令對文本檔有60%～70%的壓縮率。

1．命令格式

gzip[參數][檔或者目錄]

2．命令功能

gzip是個使用廣泛的壓縮程式，檔經它壓縮過後，其名稱後面會多出”.gz“的擴展名。

3．命令參數

• -a或--ascii 　使用ASCII文字模式。
• -c或--stdout或--to-stdout 　把壓縮後的檔輸出到標準輸出設備，不去更動原始檔。
• -d或--decompress或----uncompress 　解開壓縮檔。
• -f或--force 　強行壓縮檔。不理會檔案名稱或硬連接是否存在以及該檔是否為符號連接。
• -h或--help 　線上幫助。
• -l或--list 　列出壓縮檔的相關資訊。
• -L或--license 　顯示版本與版權資訊。
• -n或--no-name 　壓縮檔時，不保存原來的檔案名稱及時間戳記。
• -N或--name 　壓縮檔時，保存原來的檔案名稱及時間戳記。
• -q或--quiet 　不顯示警告資訊。
• -r或--recursive 　遞歸處理，將指定目錄下的所有檔及子目錄一併處理。
• -S<壓縮字尾字串>或----suffix<壓縮字尾字串> 　更改壓縮字尾字串。
• -t或--test 　測試壓縮檔是否正確無誤。
• -v或--verbose 　顯示指令執行過程。
• -V或--version 　顯示版本資訊。
• -num 用指定的數字num調整壓縮的速度，-1或--fast表示最快壓縮方法(低壓縮比)，-9或--best表示最慢壓縮方法(高壓縮比)。系統缺省值為6。

4．使用實例

實例1：把test4目錄下的每個檔壓縮成.gz檔

命令：

gzip *

輸出：

[zaixian@localhost test4]$ ll
total 12
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 zaixian zaixian 464 Feb 16 21:17 log1.log
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian   0 Feb 16 21:17 log2018.log
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian   0 Feb 16 21:17 log2019.log
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian   0 Feb 16 21:17 log2020.log
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 zaixian zaixian   0 Feb 16 21:17 log2.log
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian 384 Feb 16 21:17 log3.log
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 zaixian zaixian   7 Feb 16 21:17 log_link.log -> log.log
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 zaixian zaixian   0 Feb 16 21:17 log.log
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian   0 Feb 16 21:17 test3.log
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian   1 Feb 16 21:17 tmpcore.log
[zaixian@localhost test4]$ gzip *
gzip: log_link.log: Too many levels of symbolic links
[zaixian@localhost test4]$ ll
total 36
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 zaixian zaixian 267 Feb 16 21:17 log1.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian  32 Feb 16 21:17 log2018.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian  32 Feb 16 21:17 log2019.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian  32 Feb 16 21:17 log2020.log.gz
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 zaixian zaixian  29 Feb 16 21:17 log2.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian 220 Feb 16 21:17 log3.log.gz
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 zaixian zaixian   7 Feb 16 21:17 log_link.log -> log.log
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 zaixian zaixian  28 Feb 16 21:17 log.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian  30 Feb 16 21:17 test3.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian  33 Feb 16 21:17 tmpcore.log.gz
[zaixian@localhost test4]$

實例2：把例1中每個壓縮的檔解壓，並列出詳細的資訊

命令：
gzip -dv *
輸出：

[zaixian@localhost test4]$ ll
total 36
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 zaixian zaixian 267 Feb 16 21:17 log1.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian  32 Feb 16 21:17 log2018.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian  32 Feb 16 21:17 log2019.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian  32 Feb 16 21:17 log2020.log.gz
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 zaixian zaixian  29 Feb 16 21:17 log2.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian 220 Feb 16 21:17 log3.log.gz
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 zaixian zaixian  28 Feb 16 21:17 log.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian  30 Feb 16 21:17 test3.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian  33 Feb 16 21:17 tmpcore.log.gz
[zaixian@localhost test4]$ gzip -dv *
log1.log.gz:     48.3% -- replaced with log1.log
log2018.log.gz:   0.0% -- replaced with log2018.log
log2019.log.gz:   0.0% -- replaced with log2019.log
log2020.log.gz:   0.0% -- replaced with log2020.log
log2.log.gz:      0.0% -- replaced with log2.log
log3.log.gz:     49.7% -- replaced with log3.log
log.log.gz:       0.0% -- replaced with log.log
test3.log.gz:     0.0% -- replaced with test3.log
tmpcore.log.gz: -200.0% -- replaced with tmpcore.log
[zaixian@localhost test4]$

實例3：詳細顯示例1中每個壓縮的檔的資訊，並不解壓

命令：

gzip -l *

輸出：

[zaixian@localhost test4]$ ll
total 36
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 zaixian zaixian 267 Feb 16 21:17 log1.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian  32 Feb 16 21:17 log2018.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian  32 Feb 16 21:17 log2019.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian  32 Feb 16 21:17 log2020.log.gz
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 zaixian zaixian  29 Feb 16 21:17 log2.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian 220 Feb 16 21:17 log3.log.gz
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 zaixian zaixian  28 Feb 16 21:17 log.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian  30 Feb 16 21:17 test3.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian  33 Feb 16 21:17 tmpcore.log.gz
[zaixian@localhost test4]$ gzip -l

^C
[zaixian@localhost test4]$ gzip -l *
         compressed        uncompressed  ratio uncompressed_name
                267                 464  48.3% log1.log
                 32                   0   0.0% log2018.log
                 32                   0   0.0% log2019.log
                 32                   0   0.0% log2020.log
                 29                   0   0.0% log2.log
                220                 384  49.7% log3.log
                 28                   0   0.0% log.log
                 30                   0   0.0% test3.log
                 33                   1 -200.0% tmpcore.log
                703                 849  20.7% (totals)
[zaixian@localhost test4]$

實例4：壓縮一個tar備份檔，此時壓縮檔的擴展名為.tar.gz

命令：

gzip -r log.tar

輸出：

[zaixian@localhost test4]$ tar -cvf log.tar log.log
log.log
[zaixian@localhost test4]$ ll
total 24
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 zaixian zaixian   464 Feb 16 21:17 log1.log
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian     0 Feb 16 21:17 log2018.log
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian     0 Feb 16 21:17 log2019.log
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian     0 Feb 16 21:17 log2020.log
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 zaixian zaixian     0 Feb 16 21:17 log2.log
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian   384 Feb 16 21:17 log3.log
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 zaixian zaixian     0 Feb 16 21:17 log.log
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian 10240 Feb 16 21:25 log.tar
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian     0 Feb 16 21:17 test3.log
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian     1 Feb 16 21:17 tmpcore.log
[zaixian@localhost test4]$ gzip -r log.tar
[zaixian@localhost test4]$  ls -al log.tar.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian 125 Feb 16 21:25 log.tar.gz
[zaixian@localhost test4]$

實例5：遞歸的壓縮目錄

命令：

gzip -rv test4

輸出：

[zaixian@localhost ~]$ ll test4/
total 16
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 zaixian zaixian 464 Feb 16 21:17 log1.log
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian   0 Feb 16 21:17 log2018.log
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian   0 Feb 16 21:17 log2019.log
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian   0 Feb 16 21:17 log2020.log
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 zaixian zaixian   0 Feb 16 21:17 log2.log
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian 384 Feb 16 21:17 log3.log
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 zaixian zaixian   0 Feb 16 21:17 log.log
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian 125 Feb 16 21:25 log.tar.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian   0 Feb 16 21:17 test3.log
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian   1 Feb 16 21:17 tmpcore.log
[zaixian@localhost ~]$ gzip -rv test4/
test4//log1.log:         48.3% -- replaced with test4//log1.log.gz
test4//log2018.log:       0.0% -- replaced with test4//log2018.log.gz
test4//log2019.log:       0.0% -- replaced with test4//log2019.log.gz
test4//log2020.log:       0.0% -- replaced with test4//log2020.log.gz
test4//log2.log:          0.0% -- replaced with test4//log2.log.gz
test4//log3.log:         49.7% -- replaced with test4//log3.log.gz
test4//log.log:   0.0% -- replaced with test4//log.log.gz
test4//test3.log:         0.0% -- replaced with test4//test3.log.gz
test4//tmpcore.log:     -200.0% -- replaced with test4//tmpcore.log.gz
gzip: test4//log.tar.gz already has .gz suffix -- unchanged
[zaixian@localhost ~]$ ll test4/
total 40
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 zaixian zaixian 267 Feb 16 21:17 log1.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian  32 Feb 16 21:17 log2018.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian  32 Feb 16 21:17 log2019.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian  32 Feb 16 21:17 log2020.log.gz
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 zaixian zaixian  29 Feb 16 21:17 log2.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian 220 Feb 16 21:17 log3.log.gz
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 zaixian zaixian  28 Feb 16 21:17 log.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian 125 Feb 16 21:25 log.tar.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian  30 Feb 16 21:17 test3.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian  33 Feb 16 21:17 tmpcore.log.gz
[zaixian@localhost ~]$

說明：這樣，所有test下麵的檔都變成了*.gz，目錄依然存在只是目錄裏面的檔相應變成了*.gz。這就是壓縮，和打包不同。因為是對目錄操作，所以需要加上-r選項，這樣也可以對子目錄進行遞歸了。

實例6：遞歸地解壓目錄

命令：

gzip -dr test4

輸出：

[zaixian@localhost ~]$ ll test4/
total 40
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 zaixian zaixian 267 Feb 16 21:17 log1.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian  32 Feb 16 21:17 log2018.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian  32 Feb 16 21:17 log2019.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian  32 Feb 16 21:17 log2020.log.gz
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 zaixian zaixian  29 Feb 16 21:17 log2.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian 220 Feb 16 21:17 log3.log.gz
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 zaixian zaixian  28 Feb 16 21:17 log.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian 125 Feb 16 21:25 log.tar.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian  30 Feb 16 21:17 test3.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian  33 Feb 16 21:17 tmpcore.log.gz
[zaixian@localhost ~]$ gzip -rd test4
[zaixian@localhost ~]$ ll test4
total 24
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 zaixian zaixian   464 Feb 16 21:17 log1.log
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian     0 Feb 16 21:17 log2018.log
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian     0 Feb 16 21:17 log2019.log
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian     0 Feb 16 21:17 log2020.log
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 zaixian zaixian     0 Feb 16 21:17 log2.log
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian   384 Feb 16 21:17 log3.log
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 zaixian zaixian     0 Feb 16 21:17 log.log
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian 10240 Feb 16 21:25 log.tar
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian     0 Feb 16 21:17 test3.log
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zaixian zaixian     1 Feb 16 21:17 tmpcore.log
[zaixian@localhost ~]$